What circumstances require circumcision?

Circumcision is usually suitable for patients with phimosis, recurrent balanitis, foreskin incarceration, etc. If foreskin does not cause symptoms, it can be temporarily observed, but if combined with hygiene problems or sexual dysfunction, surgical intervention needs to be considered.

Phimosis refers to the narrow foreskin opening that cannot evert out to expose the glans, which may affect urination or increase the risk of infection, and requires surgery to remove the narrow ring. Recurrent balanitis manifests as redness, swelling, pain or abnormal secretions. Long-term inflammation may induce urethral stricture or precancerous lesions of the penis. Surgery can reduce the recurrence of infection. Foreskin incarceration occurs when the foreskin fails to reposition after inversion, resulting in ischemia of the glans. It is an indication for emergency surgery. Delay may lead to tissue necrosis. When the foreskin is too long and hygiene is difficult, accumulation of dirt can easily cause chronic irritation. Surgery can help reduce the probability of infection. When there are functional disorders such as erection pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse, removal of the excessive foreskin can improve local sensitivity and mobility.

The wound should be kept clean and dry after surgery, and strenuous exercise or sexual activity should be avoided for 1-2 weeks. The vulva should be gently washed with water every day and avoid using irritating lotions. Choose loose and breathable underwear to reduce friction. If there is bleeding or increased redness and swelling, you should review it promptly. The postoperative diet should be light, with appropriate supplements of high-quality protein such as eggs and fish to promote healing, and avoid spicy food irritation. Regular follow-up visits are required to confirm wound healing, and bathing or swimming is prohibited within 1 month after surgery.