What does polycystic changes in both ovaries mean?

Polycystic changes in both ovaries usually refer to the sonographic features of polycystic ovary syndrome. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrine and metabolic disease, which mainly manifests as oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, acne, hirsutism, obesity and other symptoms. Ultrasound examination shows that the bilateral ovaries are enlarged, and more than 12 follicles with a diameter of 2-9 mm can be seen in each section.

Polycystic ovary syndrome may be related to genetic factors, and women with a family history of polycystic ovary syndrome are more likely to develop the disease. Excessive long-term mental stress may lead to hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis dysfunction and affect the normal development and ovulation of follicles. Obese patients have too much adipose tissue in their bodies and are prone to insulin resistance, which in turn stimulates the ovaries to secrete too much androgen. High androgen levels inhibit follicle development, causing follicles to accumulate in the ovaries to form polycystic changes. Some patients may have hypothalamic or pituitary dysfunction, leading to imbalanced gonadotropin secretion and affecting normal ovarian function.

People with polycystic ovary syndrome may experience prolonged menstrual cycles or amenorrhea, which is caused by ovulatory disorders. Symptoms of hirsutism are common in the upper lip, mandible, and around the areola, and are related to elevated androgen levels. Excessive oil secretion may lead to recurring acne on the face, chest and back. About half of the patients are accompanied by varying degrees of obesity, especially abdominal obesity. Some patients may be infertile due to long-term failure to ovulate.

In terms of life management, it is recommended to maintain a regular schedule, avoid staying up late, and ensure adequate sleep. Carry out appropriate aerobic exercise, such as brisk walking, swimming, etc., 3-5 times a week, 30-60 minutes each time. In the diet, pay attention to controlling the total calorie intake, reducing high-sugar and high-fat foods, and increasing the intake of vegetables, fruits and whole grains. Psychological adjustment is also important, and stress can be relieved through meditation, yoga and other methods. Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol can help improve the endocrine environment.

In terms of medical intervention, ethinyl estradiol and cyproterone tablets can be used under the guidance of a doctor to regulate the menstrual cycle. For patients with insulin resistance, metformin hydrochloride tablets may help improve metabolic abnormalities. Ovulation induction drugs such as clomiphene citrate capsules can be used for patients with fertility needs. Traditional Chinese medicines such as Guizhi Fuling Capsules also have certain auxiliary therapeutic effects. Severe cases may require surgical treatment such as laparoscopic ovarian drilling.