Specialized sports skills include

Specialized sports skills include three core components: basic special movement skills, special tactical decision-making skills, and special scene adaptation skills. This is currently the most recognized classification method among domestic sports training academic circles and first-line coaches. Some youth training systems will separate special psychological control abilities as the fourth category. There is no absolute right or wrong, but the classification dimensions and applicable scenarios are different.

To put it bluntly, the basic special movement skills are what everyone usually calls "picking movements", which are must-practice for every entry: changing the direction of the hips during basketball, high-point back flying in volleyball, folding and swinging legs during sprinting, and the force angle of turning in weightlifting. They are all in this category. When I was practicing sprinting at a city sports school, the coach used to dig my ankles and adjust the angle of my swinging leg every day for three months. At that time, I was full of complaints and thought it was a waste of time. In the city-level competition, I was half a body behind my opponent when I crossed the finish line. Later, I watched the video and counted the numbers. I found that my stride length was two centimeters shorter than his in each step. Calculated from 42 steps in the whole process, the difference was exactly 8 centimeters, which is just one degree of difference in movement. However, this area is still controversial. Many functional training schools in Europe and the United States do not advocate the rigid use of standardized movements. They believe that as long as it conforms to the individual's muscle power habits and does not cause sports injuries, both ideas have their own applicable groups. When teenagers are laying the foundation, they have a higher error tolerance rate. If they change the movements as adults, they can adjust the movements in the direction of adapting to personal physical conditions.

You definitely can't win the game with just one death move. This involves many special tactical decision-making skills that ordinary fans tend to ignore. Don't think that "tactics" are something that is only needed for group sports. Even for single-person net sports such as table tennis and badminton, whether to send a chasing ball and whether to choose a straight line or a diagonal line when attacking are all matters of tactical decision-making. When I was watching a CUBA grassroots game last year, I met a very interesting kid, a defender. He practiced crotch changes in private and could do twenty times in a row without losing the ball. His movements were more standard than those of professional players. Once the full-court press came, he became confused. He buried his head in dribbling for a long time before he even thought about finding his teammates. All the ball routes were blocked. He made double figures in one game. This is a typical example of maximizing his movement skills and failing to keep up with his tactical decision-making ability. Different sports have very different requirements for this. In personal scoring/weighting sports such as shooting and weightlifting, tactics may account for less than 10%. In multi-person confrontation sports such as football and basketball, the weight of tactical decision-making ability can even exceed basic movements.

Even if their movements are standard and their brains are clear, there are still a lot of people who slip up in the competition. This is a matter of special scene adaptation skills. To talk about the most common thing, marathon runners usually run at a stable pace on the playground. But when it comes to the big competition and the weather is hot and humid above 30 degrees, they still run at their usual pace. Most of them collapse after 30 kilometers. ； There are also tennis enthusiasts who usually practice their first serve in indoor halls and can achieve a success rate of 70%. When they go to the open-air arena and encounter a level 3 or 4 wind, they still throw the ball at the usual height. It is common for them to lose the serve with double faults. I encountered this situation when I played an amateur tennis tournament with a friend a while ago. The day before, he was telling me how stable the serve was. When the wind blew, the ball swayed half a meter, and it couldn't go in. In the end, I was so anxious that I almost dropped the racket. To put it bluntly, I usually practice in ideal scenarios, and I have never practiced adaptation and adjustment in different environments.

Speaking of which, I have to mention that many youth training coaches have been calling for separate classification of special psychological control abilities, such as the heart rate control of shooters for the last shot, the concentration of gymnasts before vaulting, and the emotional stability after being hit hard in combat events. The academic community is still debating whether it is part of scene adaptation or a separate skill. But no matter how the classification changes, if you really want to practice to the level of being able to play official games, you will definitely not be able to do it without this part.

In fact, to put it bluntly, sports-specific skills are never a set of rules that can be memorized by heart. If you ask any athlete who has won official competition rankings, the list of skills he will give you will definitely be different from what is written in the textbook. After all, only through real-life competition will you know which things can help you win, and which are just words and deeds.