What causes cysts on the cervix?

Cervical cysts are usually caused by cervical gland obstruction, chronic cervicitis, abnormal hormone levels, childbirth injury or cervical surgical trauma. Cervical cysts may be related to factors such as obstruction of cervical gland secretion, local inflammatory stimulation, fluctuations in estrogen levels, tearing of the birth canal, or cervical conization. Symptoms such as increased vaginal secretions, post-coital bleeding, or lower abdominal distention are common. It is recommended to seek medical treatment promptly and obtain a clear diagnosis through a gynecological examination.

1. Cervical gland obstruction

Obstruction of the cervical gland ducts is the most common cause of cervical orifice cysts. Retention cysts will form if the mucus secreted by the glands cannot be discharged. This situation may be related to changes in the local microenvironment of the cervix and increased mucus viscosity. Usually there are no obvious symptoms, and occasionally transparent or milky white secretions are seen. Keeping the perineum clean every day can reduce the probability of occurrence. If the cyst increases or becomes infected, a doctor will need to evaluate whether puncture and drainage should be performed.

2. Chronic cervicitis

Long-term chronic inflammatory stimulation can lead to fibrosis and atresia of the opening of the cervical glands, forming Knott's cyst. This type of cyst is often accompanied by yellow purulent discharge and contact bleeding, and cervical congestion and edema can be seen on gynecological examination. The treatment needs to be targeted at the original cause. For example, for bacterial inflammation, you can use Baofukang suppositories, Xiaomi vaginal effervescent tablets and other drugs as directed by your doctor, and use infrared irradiation to promote the absorption of inflammation.

3. Abnormal hormone levels

Excessive estrogen levels may cause cervical gland hyperplasia and hypersecretion, increasing the risk of duct obstruction. It is more common during pregnancy or in people who have taken estrogen-containing drugs for a long time. The cysts are mostly multiple small vesicles. Usually no special treatment is needed, regular review is enough, and it usually subsides on its own after delivery or after stopping medication. If accompanied by menstrual disorders, six items of sex hormones need to be checked.

4. Childbirth injuries

During the healing process of cervical laceration during childbirth, the opening of the gland may be blocked and a traumatic cyst may form. When such cysts are large in size, they may cause soreness and swelling in the lumbosacral region, and old cervical laceration scars can be seen on gynecological examination. Asymptomatic patients can be observed. If the quality of life is affected, laser or electrocautery treatment can be considered. Bath bathing is prohibited for 1 month after surgery.

5. Cervical surgical trauma

Local scar shrinkage after cervical conization, LEEP surgery and other surgeries may compress the gland ducts. It is common to find cysts during follow-up examinations 3-6 months after surgery, and usually no intervention is needed. If purulent secretions occur due to combined infection, metronidazole vaginal gel combined with cefixime capsules should be used for anti-infective treatment, and strenuous exercise should be avoided.

You should avoid using alkaline lotions to rinse your vagina every day, choose cotton breathable underwear and change it daily. A regular schedule helps maintain hormone balance, and annual gynecological exams and cervical cancer screenings are recommended. When abnormal vaginal bleeding, persistent abdominal pain, or a cyst rapidly enlarges in a short period of time, you must seek medical attention immediately to rule out the possibility of malignant lesions. You can add broccoli, carrots and other vitamin-rich vegetables to your diet in moderation, and avoid spicy and irritating foods.