What are the six aspects of specialized sports skills?

According to the current mainstream consensus in the sports field, the six core dimensions of special sports skills are special technical action ability, special perception and judgment ability, special tactical decision-making ability, special physical fitness application ability, special psychological control ability, and special rule adaptation ability. However, many grassroots sports practitioners will replace "special rule adaptation ability" with "special team coordination ability", which is more in line with the practical needs of collective ball games.

I have been training youth track and field for almost 5 years, and I have seen too many good talents who are partial to disciplines. I once had a child who was training for 100 meters. His running form was very standard, and his cadence and stride length were close to the level of professional athletes. In other words, he had perfected his specific technical and movement abilities. As a result, he participated in the city for the first time. Sai was directly sent off for false starts. When I asked him later, I found out that he only focused on practicing his movements and did not pay attention to the latest false starts rules of track events. He did not even know the details of the implementation of "zero false starts". This was directly due to his shortcomings in the ability to adapt to special rules.

Many people think that special skills are just about "being able to do the moves", but that's not the case at all in the competition field. Take the experts you often encounter in wild football, for example. They can bump the ball hundreds of times and dribble past two or three people. Their skills are not to mention, but when it comes to regular games, they play in a mess. Either they cannot see the openings of their teammates, or they misjudge the focus of the opponent's defense. This is because the special perception and judgment ability has not kept up. ； Even if you can see the opportunity, choose to shoot directly or split the ball to a teammate in a better position. The choice at the last second is the embodiment of special tactical decision-making ability.

Don’t think that physical fitness is universal. Specialized physical fitness and physical fitness gained from ordinary fitness are completely different things. If you ask top marathon runners to run 100 meters, they will definitely not be able to beat the sprinters of the provincial team. The essence is that the specific physical fitness directions of the two are completely different. Sprinting requires the phosphagen system. The marathon requires the long-term stability of aerobic energy supply, and it is not enough to have reserves. It must be reasonably distributed on the field, such as when to follow in middle and long-distance running to save energy, and when to sprint to get stuck. This is the core of the ability to use special physical fitness.

There is also the special psychological control ability that is easily overlooked. The 100-meter kid I took care of later understood the rules and stabilized his training at 11.2 seconds. However, when he competed in the provincial competition for the first time, his palms began to sweat during the inspection, and his legs became weak when he got on the starting block. In the end, he ran 11.7 seconds. He did not even reach the level of his usual training. He just couldn't stabilize his mentality under high pressure and his movements were too deformed.

As for the controversy about why there are two divisions, it is actually easy to understand. If you are training in collective events such as three major balls and relays, no matter how strong your personal skills are, you will not be able to cooperate with your teammates, and you will always fail to pass and receive the ball. No matter how familiar you are with the rules, it will be difficult to achieve results. Therefore, many youth training teams in collective events will single out team synergy as a core dimension. The nature of the two divisions follows the characteristics of the event, and there is no absolute right or wrong.