What intrauterine vegetations may mean

Intrauterine vegetations usually refer to abnormal tissue proliferation in the uterine cavity discovered through ultrasound examination, which may be endometrial polyps, submucosal fibroids, endometrial hyperplasia or malignant lesions. The main types include endometrial polyps, uterine fibroids, endometrial precancerous lesions, pregnancy remnants, endometrial cancer, etc. It is recommended to seek medical treatment promptly to clarify the nature.

1. Endometrial polyps

Endometrial polyps are the most common neoplasms in the uterine cavity and are mostly benign hyperplasia. It may be related to excessive estrogen levels and chronic inflammatory stimulation, which often manifests as abnormal uterine bleeding, increased menstrual flow, or infertility. Diagnosis requires hysteroscopy, and hysteroscopic polypectomy is the treatment option. Postoperative polypectomy may recur and requires regular review. In terms of medication, you can use progesterone capsules, levonorgestrel intrauterine sustained-release system, or dydrogesterone tablets as directed by your doctor to regulate hormone levels.

2. Submucosal uterine fibroids

Uterine fibroids that grow toward the uterine cavity may form vegetations and are classified into types 0-2 according to the degree of protrusion into the uterine cavity. Common symptoms are heavy menstrual flow, prolonged menstruation and even anemia. Larger fibroids may lead to infertility or miscarriage. Diagnosis requires a combination of ultrasound and magnetic resonance examination. Treatment options include hysteroscopic myomectomy, mifepristone tablets, or GnRH-a drugs such as leuprolide microsphere injection based on age and fertility needs.

3. Endometrial hyperplasia

Long-term anovulation or estrogen stimulation may lead to abnormal endometrial thickening, which is divided into simple and complex hyperplasia with or without atypical hyperplasia. The main symptom is irregular vaginal bleeding, and atypical hyperplasia is a precancerous lesion. Endometrial biopsy is required to confirm the diagnosis, and treatment includes progesterone drugs such as medroxyprogesterone acetate tablets and levonorgestrel intrauterine sustained-release system. In severe cases, hysterectomy should be considered.

4. Pregnancy tissue residues

Incomplete expulsion of the placenta and villous tissue after miscarriage or delivery may form uterine neoplasms, which are often accompanied by persistent vaginal bleeding and abnormal blood HCG levels. Mixed echo masses can be seen on ultrasound. Treatment requires curettage to remove residual tissue. Motherwort capsules and Wujia biochemical capsules can be used to promote uterine involution after surgery. Cefixime dispersible tablets can be used prophylactically to prevent infection when necessary.

5. Endometrial cancer

Postmenopausal patients with vaginal bleeding need to be alert to the possibility of malignant vegetations. Ultrasound often shows chaotic echoes with rich blood flow. There may be no symptoms in the early stage, but in the advanced stage, foul-smelling discharge and weight loss may occur. The diagnosis relies on staged scraping and pathological examination. Treatment options include surgical resection, megestrol acetate dispersible tablets and other progesterone treatments, or paclitaxel injection combined with carboplatin chemotherapy based on the stage.

After discovering uterine vegetations, strenuous exercise should be avoided to prevent bleeding, and the perineum should be kept clean to reduce the risk of infection. Pay attention to supplementing high-quality protein and iron in the diet to prevent anemia, such as lean meat, animal liver, etc. It is recommended to review ultrasound monitoring changes every 3-6 months. Postmenopausal women should seek medical attention immediately if they experience abnormal bleeding. All treatments must be carried out under the guidance of a doctor, and self-medication is not allowed to delay the condition.