What causes ovarian cysts

Ovarian cysts may be caused by abnormal hormone levels, endometriosis, luteal insufficiency, pelvic infection, or neoplastic lesions. Ovarian cysts usually present with symptoms such as lower abdominal distension, menstrual disorders, and difficulty urinating. They can be treated through ultrasound examination, hormone testing, surgical removal, etc.

1. Abnormal hormone levels

Ovulatory disorders or endocrine disorders may cause follicles to continue to enlarge and form cysts, which is common in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Most of these cysts are functional and may be accompanied by symptoms of elevated androgen such as acne and hirsutism. Treatment requires the use of ethinyl estradiol cyproterone tablets, letrozole tablets and other drugs to adjust the cycle as directed by the doctor, and when necessary, combined with laparoscopic surgery.

2. Endometriosis

Ectopic endometrial tissue can form chocolate cysts during periodic ovarian bleeding, and patients often experience progressively worsening dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia. The diagnosis requires a combination of CA125 testing and imaging examinations. In mild cases, ibuprofen sustained-release capsules can be used to relieve pain. In moderate and severe cases, cyst dissection and injection of leuprolide acetate microspheres are required to inhibit recurrence.

3. Luteal insufficiency

Persistence of the corpus luteum or excessive bleeding after ovulation may form a corpus luteum cyst, which manifests as irregular vaginal bleeding after delayed menstruation. Most of them can disappear naturally within 2-3 menstrual cycles. If cyst torsion occurs and emergency surgery is required, preventive use of progesterone soft capsules can reduce the risk of recurrence.

4. Pelvic infection

Inflammatory reactions such as fallopian tube and ovarian abscess can lead to the formation of inflammatory cysts, often accompanied by fever and purulent discharge. Ceftriaxone sodium for injection combined with metronidazole sodium chloride injection needs to be injected intravenously to fight infection. When encapsulated effusion forms, puncture and drainage under B-ultrasound guidance are required.

5. Neoplasmic lesions

Pathological cysts such as serous cystadenoma and teratoma have malignant potential, and papillary protrusions or solid components can be seen on ultrasound examination. Laparoscopic adnexectomy on the affected side should be performed as soon as possible after diagnosis. Postoperative pathology indicates that borderline tumors require supplementary chemotherapy.

It is recommended to have regular gynecological examinations, especially if you have persistent abdominal pain or abnormal vaginal bleeding, you should seek medical treatment promptly. Avoid abusing hormonal drugs on a daily basis and keeping the perineum clean can reduce the risk of infection. Asymptomatic cysts less than 5 cm in diameter can be observed first, and changes should be monitored with ultrasound every 3-6 months. Pay attention to the diet to reduce the intake of phytoestrogens such as soy products, and moderate exercise can help regulate endocrine balance.