How do testicular nodules form?

Testicular nodules may be caused by epididymitis, orchitis, varicocele, testicular cysts, testicular tumors, etc., and can be diagnosed through physical examination, ultrasound examination, pathological biopsy, etc. The formation of testicular nodules is usually related to factors such as infection, local blood circulation disorders, congenital developmental abnormalities, and abnormal cell proliferation.

1. Epididymitis

Epididymitis is a common cause of testicular nodules and is mostly caused by bacterial infection. Common pathogenic bacteria are Escherichia coli and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Patients may experience symptoms such as scrotal redness, swelling, heat, pain, and fever. For treatment, antibiotics such as levofloxacin tablets, cefixime dispersible tablets, and azithromycin capsules can be used as directed by the doctor. In the acute stage, bed rest and scrotum elevation are required. In the chronic stage, local hot compress can be used to relieve symptoms.

2. Orchitis

Orchitis is mostly caused by mumps virus or bacterial infection and manifests as testicular swelling, pain and fever. Interferon α2b injection can be used for viral orchitis, and ceftriaxone sodium injection and penicillin V potassium tablets can be used for bacterial orchitis. Patients need to avoid strenuous exercise, wear loose underwear to reduce friction, and apply ice to reduce swelling in the acute stage.

3. Varicocele

Varicocele results in obstruction of scrotal venous return and may form nodules that may resemble earthworm-like masses. For mild cases, special braces can be worn to improve the symptoms; for moderate to severe cases, laparoscopic high spermatic vein ligation is required. This disease may affect sperm quality, and men of childbearing age should seek medical evaluation promptly when they experience infertility.

4. Testicular cyst

Testicular cysts are mostly benign lesions that are congenital or formed after trauma, and the cysts are filled with fluid. If smaller cysts are asymptomatic, they can be observed and followed up. If larger cysts cause discomfort, ultrasound-guided suction sclerotherapy can be considered. Daily external impact on the scrotum should be avoided, and ultrasound should be reviewed regularly to monitor changes.

5. Testicular tumors

Testicular tumors are divided into germ cell tumors and non-germ cell tumors, which typically manifest as painless testicular enlargement. The diagnosis requires tumor marker detection and pathological biopsy. Treatment is based on the type of orchiectomy combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. All testicular nodules need to be alert to the possibility of tumors. If you find a hard and rapidly growing mass, you must seek medical attention immediately.

If a testicular nodule is found, seek medical attention as soon as possible to determine its nature, and avoid squeezing or applying heat on your own. Keep the perineum clean and dry every day and choose breathable cotton underwear. Avoid riding or sitting for long periods of time to reduce local compression of the scrotum. Regularly self-examine changes in testicular shape and texture. If persistent pain, nodule enlargement, etc. occur, timely reexamination is required. Pay attention to supplementing the diet with high-quality protein and vitamins, and exercise moderately to enhance immunity, but strenuous confrontational exercise should be avoided.