Detailed explanation of basic first aid skills examination question bank and answers

1. Standard parameters of adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): compression depth 5-6cm, frequency 100-120 times/min, compression-ventilation ratio 30:2 (Note: The American Heart Association AHA 2020 guideline allows non-professional rescuers to only perform chest compressions without artificial respiration. Different assessment institutions shall refer to the corresponding outline)

2. The force point of the Heimlich maneuver for adults with foreign body obstruction in the airway: the two horizontal fingers above the umbilicus, with rapid impact inward and upward.

3. The preferred method of hemostasis for active bleeding without special circumstances: direct compression to stop bleeding (disabled when the wound has a fractured end or a foreign body is inserted, and the routine use of a tourniquet is not recommended)

4. The first step to treat mild burns and scalds without ulceration: rinse the wound with running water at 10-20°C for 15-30 minutes. It is forbidden to apply toothpaste, soy sauce, badger oil and other folk remedies.

5. The first treatment for patients with sudden syncope without trauma: move to a ventilated place and lie down, raise the lower limbs 15-30 degrees, and do not give water or medicine before consciousness is restored.

To be honest, when I took the Red Cross first aid certificate test last year, three people in the same group failed at the CPR compression depth. The previous old guide was indeed 4-5cm. After 2020, the mainstream standards at home and abroad have been adjusted to 5-6cm. Many old question banks randomly searched on the Internet have not been updated. If you memorize it wrong, you will lose points. It is too unfair.

Speaking of which, I have to mention the current controversy about cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Many people are confused about whether to perform artificial respiration. Now the AHA assessment has been relaxed for non-professionals. They are afraid that people are worried about infectious diseases and are unwilling to take action. However, the assessment by the domestic Red Cross Society It is still required to master the whole process of 30:2. After all, most of the people who can take the exam are willing to assume the responsibility of rescue. Therefore, before taking the exam, you must first find out which organization sponsors the assessment you are participating in. Don’t use the AHA’s answers to answer the Red Cross questions, and vice versa.

The thing that impressed me the most was the practical question on the Heimlich test. Just half a month before the test, my neighbor's 3-year-old child ate a peanut card. My grandma patted her on the back for almost a minute and her face turned purple. I happened to bump into him after get off work. I followed the instructions and put the child on my arm and patted him head down. I carried it back 5 times, then pressed my chest for 5 times, and within two times I spit out the peanuts. So when I took the test "The difference between the Heimlich maneuver for children and adults", I answered very smoothly. You must know that many people memorized it when preparing for the exam, confused the operations for children and adults, and got zero points for the actual practice.

Oh, by the way, there is also a true or false question that comes up in almost every exam: "When there is a glass/bamboo stick or other foreign object inserted into the wound, it must be pulled out first and then the bleeding can be stopped." The standard answer is wrong. When I was volunteering at a first aid station, I met a delivery boy who fell while riding an electric scooter and was stabbed in the thigh by a bamboo stick. After he pulled it out, he was bleeding profusely and almost went into shock. The correct procedure is to fix the foreign object with gauze to avoid shaking and puncturing larger blood vessels, and just send it directly to the hospital for treatment by a doctor.

Another easy test point is the use of tourniquets. Old textbooks have always said that for upper limb bleeding, it should be tied on 1/3 of the upper arm and lower limbs should be tied on the middle and upper part of the thigh. Now the new guidelines have relaxed it. It only needs to be tied near the heart of the wound and at least 5 meters away from the wound. The cm position is fine, and there is no need to stick to the so-called standard position. However, if you are taking an older question bank, it is more secure to answer according to the old position. When I was preparing for the exam, I deliberately read the latest syllabus of the Red Cross Society and confirmed that it had been changed before answering according to the new one.

On an interesting note, when I was preparing for the exam, I posted all the confusing test points on the refrigerator door. Every time I opened the refrigerator to get a drink, I would scan it twice. For example, the burn and scald classification: first-degree red, second-degree blisters, and third-degree blackened. There was also a common misunderstanding about how to deal with epileptic seizures. The old saying is to put a tongue depressor in the mouth to prevent tongue biting. Head, now the new guidelines clearly say that there is no need to plug it. If you force it, it will easily pry off the patient's teeth, or cause foreign objects to get stuck in the trachea and suffocate. Just turn the patient sideways, clean the secretions from the mouth and nose, and wait until he wakes up naturally after the pumping. I took three different first aid related exams on this test point, and it happened every time.

Oh yes, there is another question that 90% of people answered incorrectly: after being scratched and bitten by a cat or dog, must the rabies vaccine be given within 24 hours? The standard answer is "no". As long as you haven't gotten sick yet, vaccination is useful. Of course, the sooner you get vaccinated, the better, but 24 hours is not an absolute deadline. Many old question banks still say 24 hours, so don't be fooled.

In fact, I think you don’t need to memorize the question bank when preparing for the basic first aid exam. Find a simulator to practice CPR twice, and find friends to practice Heimlich and bandaging once. It will be more memorable than studying ten sets of questions. After all, you don’t learn these to get the certificate. When you really encounter an accident, this knowledge can really save your life. If you are really unsure about the test points, be sure to ask the organizer for the latest assessment syllabus before the test. Don't use old materials from ten years ago. Not only will you lose points, but you will be in trouble if you make mistakes when you actually use them.

By the way, here’s a final ethics question that is frequently asked: “If you accidentally break the patient’s ribs during chest compressions, do you have to take responsibility? ”The answer is that as long as the rescuer's operation complies with the regulations, it is a normal complication and does not require civil liability. The good guy clause in the Civil Code has been clearly written. Don't be afraid to take action because you are afraid of taking responsibility.