Lesson Plan on Prevention and Management of Common Children's Diseases

90% of common respiratory and digestive tract diseases in children can be prevented in advance through daily meticulous care. Post-illness management follows the principle of "look at the mental state first, then the symptoms, and deal with it in stages", which can reduce the risk of severe illness and the probability of cross-infection by more than 80% without over-reliance on drugs and medical intervention. [Class schedule] 45 minutes of theoretical lectures and 15 minutes of practical exercises (including simulated treatment of children's fever and practical hand hygiene) ； [Assessment Points] Can independently identify early signs of common childhood diseases, master more than 3 physical cooling methods, and clarify graded medical indications.

I have been a nursery school resident physician for 7 years, and I have dealt with cases ranging from 1,000 to 800 cases of children with fever, diarrhea, and rashes. What I will talk about today is not empty talk, but is all practical tips that I have learned through many pitfalls.

Believe it or not, there was no collective flu outbreak in our kindergarten for the whole winter last year. The reason was not to spray disinfectant every day, but to control three small checkpoints: The first one was the morning inspection when entering the kindergarten in the morning. In addition to touching the forehead to check the throat, one had to touch the back to see if there was any sweat. Many parents We are afraid that the baby will be wrapped in three layers inside and outside in three layers. The baby will sweat all the way on his back. As soon as he enters the kindergarten and the air-conditioned wind blows, he will catch a cold that day. We will ask parents to prepare a thin replacement vest and change it immediately when it gets wet. With this small action, the cold rate dropped by 40% throughout the winter.

When it comes to hand hygiene, I know there are two schools of thought arguing fiercely: one school says that it is safe to use disinfectant gel frequently to kill all bacteria and viruses; the other school says that too much cleaning will destroy the baby's skin barrier, interfere with the establishment of normal flora, and actually reduce immunity. The compromise I've come up with is this: After playing with toys in the garden and going to the toilet before meals, just use running water + ordinary baby soap for 20 seconds. Only when you come into contact with children who have symptoms of fever or rash, you will use a disinfectant gel containing 75% alcohol. It will not over-sterilize and can block most cross-infections.

Oh, yes, there are also problems with the digestive tract. I have seen too many parents chasing their babies to feed them, and the babies turn their heads to the side and try to stuff them with two mouthfuls. This is called "eating more will make you healthy". As a result, there are many cases of vomiting and diarrhea due to excessive food intake and a cold. Let’s talk about probiotics. Many parents now give probiotics to their children when they see constipation or diarrhea. In fact, the international academic community has not yet reached a completely unified conclusion on the application scenarios of probiotics. Some children can indeed regulate their intestinal tract, while some children feel flatulent and uncomfortable after eating them. I generally recommend that parents try giving their children some prune puree and steamed pumpkin first. It is much more effective than blindly buying imported probiotics that cost hundreds of yuan.

Even if you take adequate precautions, you will inevitably get infected. How to deal with it at this time is the most important. Don’t run to the hospital as soon as you have a fever, and don’t hold on to it. Regarding the use of antipyretics, everyone now has different opinions: the guidelines of evidence-based medicine say that they should be used above 38.5℃, and babies with a history of febrile convulsions can be used at 38℃. There are also many experienced traditional Chinese medicine doctors who recommend not using medicines until they can physically cool down, so as to avoid interfering with the function of one's own immunity. The judgment criteria I give you are very simple: no matter how high the fever is, first look at the child’s mental state. If the baby can still run, jump, and grab snacks, don’t panic even if the fever reaches 39 degrees Celsius. Give him a warm bath first, feed him more warm water, and observe for half an hour. ； If the baby is so wimpy that he lies in his arms without even wanting to move, and won't even open his mouth when his favorite strawberry is handed to him, even if the temperature is only 37.7°C, don't delay and go to the hospital quickly. After all, symptoms can be deceiving, but mental status cannot.

Last year, there was a baby in a small class. My grandma was very careful when raising her. She gave him cephalosporin and antiviral oral liquid whenever he had a runny nose. As a result, the baby's immunity got worse and worse. He suffered from pneumonia twice in the first half of last year. Later, we communicated with the parents for almost three months before we got rid of the habit of giving antibiotics to the baby. In the spring of this year, he only caught a cold once. He didn't take any medicine. He drank more water and rested, and he was bouncing around in three days.

By the way, there are also allergic diseases. Nowadays, there are so many children with allergic rhinitis and eczema. Many parents are always trying to find ways to "cut the root cause", sometimes trying desensitization treatments and sometimes folk remedies. In fact, there is currently no complete cure for allergies, whether it is "avoidance" by Western medicine. The idea of "allergen + symptomatic medication" is still the traditional Chinese medicine idea of "conditioning the body to reduce attacks". The core is to control symptoms and reduce the frequency of attacks. Instead of spending a lot of money to find miracle drugs, it is better to clean the house of dust mites first and don't feed your baby food that is clearly allergic. It is more practical.

What I’m talking about today, there are no hard and fast rules that you must abide by. After all, every baby’s physique is different. When it comes to taking care of your baby, it’s always about caring about the baby. More observation and less anxiety is better than anything else. If you have any specific questions, we will talk about them one by one in the practical session later. I have brought the morning inspection form and home care record template commonly used in our kindergarten, which can be sent to you for reference later.