What are the contents and methods of basic first aid skills?

The core of basic first aid that ordinary people need to master actually cannot be circumvented by the principle of "preserving life first, then reducing damage, and preventing deterioration". It is not as complicated as everyone thinks. There is no need to know acupuncture or understand pathology. If you understand the handling methods of several high-frequency scenarios, you can deal with more than 90% of daily accidents.

Last year, an old man in the community where I lived suddenly fell over while playing chess, and his face turned blue instantly. There happened to be a young man next to him who had participated in the Red Cross training. He slapped his shoulder and shouted twice but there was no response. He felt the carotid artery and there was no pulse for five seconds. He immediately knelt down to do it. For chest compressions, the position was the midpoint between the two nipples. The depth of the compressions was about five to six centimeters. The frequency could reach about 110 times a minute. When the management brought the AED and connected it, the uncle had already resumed breathing on his own by the time 120 arrived. There are different opinions in the academic circles about whether non-professionals should be equipped with artificial respiration when performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. One believes that ordinary people have not received systematic training, and artificial respiration will delay the golden compression time. Only continuous chest compressions are enough. The other believes that if it is a sudden arrest caused by drowning or child suffocation, and the rescuer is confident of performing artificial respiration, the success rate of rescue will be higher if they cooperate. You can choose according to the on-site situation and your own ability. If there is an automated external defibrillator (AED) around, don't hesitate to get it. It is specially designed for ordinary people. It has voice prompts throughout the process and will not shock the wrong person. There is no need to be afraid.

After talking about this kind of emergency scene involving life and death, the more common injuries we encounter in daily life are minor injuries such as bumps and burns. Many people usually think they understand it, but when they actually encounter it, they are easily tripped up. Last month, my colleague fell while riding a shared bicycle, and his knee was completely covered in blood. The passersby insisted on spreading Yunnan Baiyao powder and covering it with a band-aid. Fortunately, I stopped him. I took purified water bought from a convenience store and rinsed it for ten minutes to wash away the sand. I disinfected it with iodophor and left it to dry. Within two days, scabs formed. Older generations always think that bruises need to be covered and powdered. In fact, it is easy to seal dirt in the wound and cause infection. Cleaning and disinfection of small open wounds is the first priority. There is also the common nosebleed that everyone encounters. Don't raise your head, as this will cause the blood to flow into the respiratory tract or even the stomach, which may cause vomiting or even cause choking. Lower your head and pinch the hard parts on both sides of the nose and press it for 5 to 10 minutes, which can basically stop it. As for burns, many people now think that they need to apply toothpaste and soy sauce, saying that they can relieve pain. In fact, these things will not only increase the risk of infection, but also block the wound and affect the doctor's judgment. The correct method is to immediately flush the wound with running cold water for 15 to 20 minutes to cool down. Don't prick small blisters and wait for them to absorb themselves. For large blisters, use a sterilized needle to prick a small hole in a low position to drain the exudate and wrap it in sterile gauze.

It is not uncommon for foreign objects to get stuck in the throat. In the past two months, the neighbor's three-year-old child's face turned purple after eating jelly. The family was so panicked that they had to pat their backs. Fortunately, the child's father had seen a tutorial on the Heimlich maneuver before. He immediately stood behind the child, put his fist on the two horizontal fingers above the navel, and quickly pushed inward three times, and the jelly spurted out. If an adult has a foreign object lodged in his body and no one can help him, he can find a hard chair back or table corner and push the foreign object out. If the person is already unconscious and has fallen to the ground, just perform chest compressions. Do not reach out to pick out the throat, which may push the foreign object deeper.

In fact, these skills are really not difficult. I went to participate in the free training of the Red Cross Society before, and I was able to master all the practical operations in half a day. When I encounter an emergency, I won’t be in a hurry. After all, when it comes to first aid, if I get started a minute earlier, the result may be different.