Causes of white particles on testicles

White particles on the testicles may be caused by ectopic sebaceous glands, folliculitis, pearl rash, fungal infection, or genital warts. It is recommended to seek medical treatment promptly and follow the doctor's instructions for treatment after a clear diagnosis.

1. Ectopia of sebaceous glands

Ectopia sebaceum is a benign lesion caused by abnormal development of sebaceous glands. It manifests as white or light yellow papules ranging from the size of pintips to millet grains. Most of them are asymptomatic. It often occurs in the penis, scrotum and other parts, and may be related to changes in hormone levels. Generally, no special treatment is required. If it affects the appearance, laser treatment may be considered.

2. Folliculitis

Folliculitis is a bacterial infection of hair follicles and surrounding tissues, manifesting as red papules or pustules with white pus heads at the top. It is common in areas where pubic hair is distributed and is related to factors such as poor local hygiene and excessive sweating. Mupirocin ointment or fusidic acid cream can be used externally for anti-infection treatment.

3. Pearl rash

Pearly rash is a small pearly white papule that occurs in the coronal sulcus of the penis. It is arranged in a ring and has a hard texture. It is not contagious. It is more common in post-pubertal males and may be related to local irritation or redundant foreskin. Treatment is usually not required, but laser or cryoablation may be considered if requested by the patient.

4. Fungal infection

Fungal infections such as tinea cruris can spread to the scrotum and appear as annular erythema with scaling, and there may be white scales on the edges. It is mostly caused by Trichophyton rubrum and is related to local moisture and excessive sweating. Topical bifonazole cream or terbinafine cream can be used for antifungal treatment.

5. Genital warts

Condyloma acuminata is a sexually transmitted disease caused by human papillomavirus infection. It appears as light red papules in the early stage, and can become cauliflower-shaped in the later stage, with white secretions on the surface. It commonly occurs in the genitals and perianal area and is mainly spread through sexual contact. Warts need to be removed using laser, freezing or photodynamic methods.

In daily life, you should keep the perineum clean and dry and avoid scratching the affected area. Choose loose, breathable cotton underwear and wash them frequently. Avoid using harsh lotions to cleanse the scrotum. The diet should be light and spicy foods should be avoided. If the white particles persist, increase in number, or are accompanied by itching, pain and other symptoms, you should promptly go to a dermatology or urology department for targeted treatment after completing relevant examinations.